| GyanCentral - The hub for engineering and law students - IIT-JEE, AIEEE, BITSAT, CLAT, AILET - 2012: CLAT English Test- 2 Sep 2nd 2012, 08:44 | GyanCentral - The hub for engineering and law students - IIT-JEE, AIEEE, BITSAT, CLAT, AILET - 2012 | | The most comprehensive career education and test preparation forums in india. | | | CLAT English Test- 2 Sep 2nd 2012, 08:14 Directions : In each of the following sentences there are two blank spaces. Below each sentence there are five pairs of words denoted by number (a), (b), (c), (d) and (e). Find out which pair of words can be filled up in the blanks in the sentence in the same sequence to make the sentence meaningfully complete 1. It is certain that human beings ______ latent power of which they are only ______ aware. (a) possess ______ vaguely (b) exhibit ______ little (c) impose ______ clearly (d) inherit ______ consciously (e) owns ______ surely 2. His ______ to speak an Indian language hadn't ______ to be a handicap. (a) eagerness ______ stopped (b) desire ______ made (c) inability ______ proved (d) promise ______ halted (e) knowledge ______ showed 3. The Airline industry is ______ out. Its survival kit to deal with ______ losses. (a) spreading ______ raising (b) pulling ______ mounting (c) handing ______ abating (d) pushing ______ increasing (e) floating ______ diminishing 4. Akbar, one of the ______ and ______ emperors of India who made a name for himself is acknowledged even today. (a) desirous ______ indolent (b) aspiring ______ sluggard (c) slothful ______ active (d) simple bold ______ bold (e) ambitious ______ energetic 5. Trained employees increase ______ and ______ of their industry and take it to a higher position. (a) wisdom ______ development (b) accomplishment ______ dignity (c) motivation ______ upgradation (d) performance ______ productivity (e) achievement ______ presentation Directions : Read the following passage carefully and answer the questions given below it. Certain words/phrases are given in bold to help you to locate them while answering some of the questions. The Indian pharma industry is flourishing overseas, touching almost every part of the world. With low cost, speed and high quality advantage India is gearing up to become the hub for contract research and manufacturing. Having a competitive edge is one thing and maintaining it is another Canada provides tax benefits upto 46 per cent for research carried out within the country. Others like Korea and China without a large poll of scientists make up by facilitating foreign research in every conceivable way. India does not do any of this and faces many hardles-diseases that it has been inflicted with since independence like Malaria and TB. While Indian companies have only focused on reverse engineering blockbuster drugs from MNCs, overseas scientists have displayed little interest in researching sub continent specific diseases as there are more profits and public interest in lifestyle drugs such as obesity which in turn fund their research. In the interest of Indian research industry a decision must be taken quickly on the implementation of data protection laws. India is one the few countries where data exclusively provision are not prevalent. Data protection is a contentious issue, hotly debated by the government and the industry. A pharma company wishing to market a drug is required to submit data to the drug controller to show that the drug is both effective and safe. The first (originator) company that makes the application for marketing approval has to submit it data relating to the clinical trials to the drug controller who once satisfied that the drug is safe and effective will register it. Another drug company wishing to market the same drug only requires to shows a bioequivalence to the drug of the originator company. Thus as per the prevailing laws, the regulator in India can rely on an innovator's data to approve the competitor's product. While the system is general is responsible for maintaining the necessary secrecy. It is not accountable for the same the competitor gets an unfair advantage over the innovator even when he is clandestinely abusing an innovator's intellectual property. Consequently research based pharma companies are being forced to undertake vital clinical trials abroad. Huge expenditures are incurred overseas, draining precious foreign exchange when this could be done at a fraction of the cost. The product patent law protections required by the TRIPS agreement and brought about by the 2005 amendment to the Patent Act require India to protect undisclosed test data from disclosure and unfair commercial use by competitors. Effective 2005 Indian Companies can no longer copy patent protected foreign drugs. Some negate the necessity to make data exclusivity a law. They argue that, the advocates of making it a law, MNCs want the data to be protected absolutely for a period of 5 years. However in case certain drugs are not available or unaffordable should the government for the common good not be able to exercise powers to get another company to make such drugs? 6. Which of the following is a reason for India's continuing battle with commonplace diseases? (a) Rigid patent laws mean essential foreign drugs are not easily available in India. (b) Newer more effective treatments and drugs are unaffordable. (c) Government does not adequately subsidise drugs required for treatment of these diseases. (d) Research and development of drugs for such diseases is taken up only by advanced countries. (e) None of these. 7. Which of the following is/are TRUE in the context of the passage? 1. Countries like China prefer to outsource research to avoid exorbitant cost of research at home. 2. Multi-national pharma companies are pressuring India to have product patent laws. 3. The Indian pharmaceutical industry is booming. (a) Only 1 (b) Only 3 (c) Both 2 & 3 (d) Both 1 and 2 (e) None of these. 8. According to the passage, what is the main purpose of data protection laws? (a) To ensure that foreign countries invest in research for drugs to treat diseases like TB. (b) To attract Indian scientists back to the country. (c) To prevent misuse of research to make profit by competing companies. (d) To make clinical trails more acceptable to the public. (e) None of these. 9. Which of the following measures has Korea taken to be competitive in the pharma industry? (a) It offers blockbuster drugs at highly subsidized rates. (b) It collaborates with foreign research firms. (c) It provides speedy regulatory approvals. (d) It enacts relaxed tax laws. (e) None of these. 10. Which of the following is/are India's strengths in drug discovery and research? 1. Relaxed patent laws. 2. Reverse engineering of foreign blockbuster drugs. 3. Incentives to foreign companies researching subcontinent diseases. (a) Only 3 (b) Both 1 & 3 (c) Only 1 (d) All of these (e) None of these. 11. According to the author, what is the disadvantage of holding clinical trials abroad? (a) Research facilities in India are far more sophisticated. (b) Authenticity of research methodology cannot be monitored. (c) Delayed processing of test data. (d) Higher cost resulting in the drain of financial resources. (e) The laws abroad are more stringent. 12. The argument against making data exclusively a law is ______________ 1. specialized knowledge will be shared. 2. it will unfairly favour large western pharma companies. 3. it is not the interest of the general public. (a) Only 1 (b) Both 1 & 3 (c) Only 3 (d) Both 2 & 3 (e) None of these. 13. What is the objective of the TRIPS agreement? (a) To allow the government to determine the focus of drug research conducted. (b) To ensure India meets international legal requirements. (c) To give developed countries an edge in pharma manufacturing. (d) To ensure that competing companies do not benefit commercially from using each other's clinical data. (e) None of these. 14. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the context of the passage? (a) Cost of clinical trials and research are relatively lower in India. (b) India has laws to ensure patent protection, but data exclusively provisio are not prevalent. (c) China has a large number of well qualified clinical research personnel which has made it attractive to MNCs. (d) Indian pharma companies can no longer duplicate patent protected foreign drugs. (e) None of these. 15. The Indian pharma industry ________ (a) is hampered by severe intellectual property rights laws. (b) trials in research on health threats like obesity. (c) is the largest growing one in the world. (d) only has the expertise to reverse engineer drugs. (e) provides quality research at low cost. Directions (16-18): Choose the word/phrase which nearly the SAME in meaning as the word printed in bold as used in the passage. 16. prevailing (a) popular (b) implemented (c) existing (d) persuading (e) winning 17. hurdles (a) bars (b) defects (c) rejections (d) protests (e) obstacles 18. incurred (a) collected (b) included (c) spent (d) experienced (e) adjusted Directions (19-20): Choose the word/phrase is most OPPOSITE in meaning to the word printed in bold as used in the passage. 19. flourishing (a) drooping (b) declining (c) fluctuating (d) opposing (e) lacking 20. vital (a) practical (b) voluntary (c) negative (d) worthless (e) minimum Directions (21-30): Read each sentence to find out whether there is any grammatical error or idiomatic error in it. The error, if any, will be in one part of the sentence. The number of that part is the answer. If there is no error, the answer is (e). (Ignore the errors of punctuation, if any). 21. The main advantage India has (a)/ over other countries is (b)/ it's large human capital which (c)/ make it an ideal outsourcing base. (d)/ No error(e) 22. The judge has directed to (a)/ the accused and the complainant (b)/ no to interfere with (c)/ the witness in any manner. (d)/ No error (e) 23. Today most employees complain (a)/ of suffering for the stress (b)/ of attending to (c)/ rude customers all day. (d)/ No error (e) 24. Since the tenant failed (a)/ to pay his rent on time (b)/ the landlord denied him (c)/ access to the premise. (d)/ No error (e) 25. His industrious nature (a)/ and calm temperament (b)/ have endeared him (c)/ to his colleagues and one's superiors. (d)/ No error (e) 26. After careful scrutiny of the report (a)/ variety mistakes that had been (b)/ made by the research (c)/ department were found. (d)/ No error (e) 27. Since the online education system (a)/ has been poorly designed there (b)/ are not many institute (3)/ that offer this facility. (4)/ No error (5) 28. The celebrities that organized (a)/ the marathon were aiming (2)/ to create an awareness (c)/ about the treatment of diabetes (d)/ No error (e) 29. Unless the new resolution is (a)/ completely reviewed it (b)/ will cause a great deal of (c)/ trouble for new employees. (d)/ No error (e) 30. There will be several (a)/ new visa application centres opened (b)/ in metros across the country (c)/ to easy the pressure on embassies. (d)/ No error (e) Directions (31-40): Which of the phrase (a), (b), (c), (d) given below each sentence should replace the phrase printed in bold type to make the sentence grammatically correct? If the sentence is correct mark (e) i.e. No correction required as the answer. 31. She asked him if she can see him later to fix an appointment for personal advice. (a) could see him later. (b) can saw him later. (c) could saw him later. (d) will see him lastly. (e) No correction required. 32. Suresh Singh took of his coat and hung it on a nail in the wall. (a) take of its coat (b) took his coat over (c) took his coat off (d) taking his coat off (e) No correction required. 33. Despite his poor vision, he had an eye for women. (a) Though his (b) Instead of his (c) Although his (d) Inspite his (e) No correction required. 34. It is a natural urge to retain the balance of advantage in his own favour. (a) for his own favour (b) in his own favours (c) from one's own favour (d) in one's own favour (e) No correction required. 35. The news of his father's death came as a bolt of the blue. (a) as if bolt from the sky (b) as a bolt from the blue (c) across a bolt from the blue (d) to a bolt in the blue (e) No correction required. 36. Long ago, there had no such thing as money and people exchanged the things that they wanted. (a) was no such thing (b) have not such things (c) had been not things like (d) was no such things (e) No correction required. 37. While playing cricket, I sprained my foot. (a) Since playing (b) Despite played (c) From playing (d) When played (e) No correction required. 38. Mohanlal looking over himself into the mirror of the waiting room at the railway station. (a) was looked at himself in (b) looked into himself from (c) looked at himself in (d) looks at oneself in (e) No correction required. 39. The chilly wind hits me the over the face and the rain pounded me. (a) hit me on face (b) hit me in the face (c) has hit me in the face (d) hit me into my face (e) No correction required 40. I shall make you realize your mistake. (a) make you to realize (b) make you in realizing (c) made you realize (d) make you realized (e) No correction required. Directions (41-50): In the following passage there are blanks, each of which has been numbered. These numbers are printed below the passage and against each, five words are suggested, one of which fills the blanks appropriately. Find out the appropriate word in each case. One of the most brutal features of gender inequality takes the form of physical violence against women. The (41) of such violence is remarkably high, not in poorer and less developed economies but also in wealthy and modern societies. Indeed the (42) of battering women even in the richest and most developed economies is (43) high. Turing to India, it must be (44) first that the frequency of assaults on women is high in the country. To that (45) general recognition has to be added the special role of violence connected with particular (46) features, such as dowry and economic settlements. Even though the numbers involved with in vialent deaths are (47) by the larger numbers that (48) from (49) of healthcare, the crude and brutal nature of this from gender inequality makes it a particularly severe (50) of the deprivation of women. 41. (a) expectations (b) counting (c) incidence (d) acceptance (e) responses 42. (a) frequency (b) occurrence (c) event (d) chance (e) blocking 43. (a) relatively (b) clearly (c) surely (d) undoubtedly (e) astonishingly 44. (a) accomplished (b) acknowledged (c) cleared (d) understand (e) assured 45. (a) anxiety (b) terrible (c) surprise (d) power (e) form 46. (a) national (b) visible (c) social (d) category (e) personal 47. (a) fewer (b) outshine (c) lean (d) dwarfed (e) horrible 48. (a) perish (b) develop (c) spoil (d) incline (e) direct 49. (a) omission (b) attention (c) care (d) effort (e) neglect 50. (a) remark (b) indication (c) happening (d) manifestation (e)rise | | | |  | |
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